The UK economy is recovering from a combination of major events over the last 15 years: the 2008/09 financial crash; Brexit; the pandemic and the Russian war upon Ukraine. The latter triggered an eightfold increase in global energy prices. The UK spent £40bn (2% per cent of GDP) on energy in 2019. In the last tax year, we spent £190bn (8% of GDP), £56bn of which was subsidised by the UK government for homes and businesses.